Thyroid disorders involve the thyroid gland, a small butterfly-shaped organ in the front of the neck that produces thyroid hormones. These hormones help regulate growth, metabolism, and other critical bodily functions.
The two main types of thyroid disorders are:
- Hypothyroidism: This is when the thyroid gland does not produce enough thyroid hormones. Common symptoms include fatigue, weight gain, feeling cold, constipation, dry skin, and depression. It is typically treated with synthetic thyroid hormone medication.
- Hyperthyroidism: This is when the thyroid gland produces too much thyroid hormone. Common symptoms are unintended weight loss, rapid heartbeat, tremors, nervousness, and irritability. Graves' disease is the most common cause. Treatment may involve medication, radioactive iodine, or surgery.
What causes thyroid disorders?
Thyroid disorders can be caused by a variety of factors, including:
- Autoimmune diseases like Hashimoto's thyroiditis and Graves' disease
- Inflammation of the thyroid (thyroiditis)
- Treatment with certain medications
- Iodine deficiency or excess iodine
- Tumors on the thyroid
- Radiation exposure
- Genetics
Who is at risk for thyroid problems?
Some people at higher risk include:
- Women, especially over age 50
- People with a family history of thyroid disease
- Those with other autoimmune disorders
- People who have had thyroid surgery or received radiation treatments to the neck
- Pregnant women or women after childbirth
I aimed to give an informative overview based on facts. Please let me know if you need any clarification or have additional questions!